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• Algorithms and programs Lesson Slides · Quiz 30 min What a program is: an algorithm written down so completely that a machine can carry it out line by line without adding anything. Along with it the four building blocks of every program on an LED that you can program right here, what a procedure costs, how to read an error message, and how to work with an AI assistant so that you understand the code. Solving problemsProgramming with Python
• Analog and digital Lesson Slides · 2 Demos · Quiz 30 min Digital does not mean electronic but finitely many clearly separated states. That is why a small disturbance changes a value but not a state, and getting there takes two cuts whose price you can count in bytes and minutes. Representing informationTransferring information
• Audio digitiser Demo 10 min The same two cuts for a sound: you choose the sampling rate and the bit depth, see the staircase over the wave and hear what gets lost on the way. Representing informationTransferring information
• Byte switchboard Demo 10 min Eight switches, one byte: flip the bits and watch the number appear as a sum of place values, in binary, decimal and hexadecimal, and as a character. Representing information
• Calculating Lesson 15 min Python as a calculator and more: the operators, whole-number division with remainder, precedence and brackets, rounding, and a small surprise with decimal numbers. Programming with Python
• Comparisons and truth values Lesson 20 min Before a program can decide, it has to ask a question that can be answered with yes or no. In Python the answer is a value of its own, True or False, and comparisons, and, or and not produce it. Programming with Python
• Creating, copying and moving folders and files Lesson 20 min With mkdir you create folders, with cp you copy files, with mv you move and rename them, and with rm you delete them, permanently and without a recycle bin. Working with the computer
• Cutting problems Lesson 2 Slide decks 25 min How to cut a problem that is too big to solve into pieces that can be solved and checked one at a time, and why this also shapes working with an AI. Solving problems
• Cutting the LiFi project Slides 5 min The project part on cutting problems: how the LiFi project is cut into challenges, and how to keep cutting in the team, when hunting for errors and with the AI assistant. Solving problems
• Decisions with if, elif and else Lesson 25 min With if a program runs a block only when a condition is true, with else it takes another way otherwise, and with elif it chooses from several ways the first whose condition holds. Programming with Python
• Exercise: A folder for your studies Exercise 15 min Using only the command line, you create a small folder structure for your studies, copy and move files in it and check at the end whether everything is in its place. Working with the computer
• Exercise: A week of weather Exercise 20 min The temperatures of a week are in a list. The program sums them up, takes in a new reading and shows how the picture changes. Programming with Python
• Exercise: Business card Exercise 15 min A program asks for a name, a subject and a city and turns them into a neatly formatted business card, however sloppily they were typed. Programming with Python
• Exercise: Cinema box office Exercise 20 min A function works out the price of a cinema ticket from age and student status, and a small main program asks for both and names the price. Programming with Python
• Exercise: Converting seconds Exercise 20 min A function of your own turns a number of seconds into a readable duration such as 2 h 5 min 7 s, and a small main program asks for it. Programming with PythonSolving problems
• Exercise: Grade overview Exercise 20 min The points of an exam are in a list. A function of your own turns points into a grade, and a loop prints every exam, counts the passes and works out the average. Programming with Python
• Exercise: Leap year Exercise 15 min A function checks with remainder, and and or whether a year is a leap year, and a small main program asks for the year and answers with a sentence. Programming with Python
• Exercise: Pizza calculator Exercise 20 min A group orders pizza: the program works out how many pizzas they need and what each person pays, tip included. Programming with Python
• Exercise: Savings goal Exercise 20 min A program works out how many years savings with interest need to reach a savings goal. It keeps asking for the interest rate until it is greater than 0, so that the loop over the years comes to an end. Programming with Python
• Files and folders Lesson 15 min Everything stored on a computer sits in files, and files sit in folders, which in turn sit in folders. The path is the address at which you find a file in this tree. Working with the computer
• First light: device, assistant and first program Exercise Slides 45 min The start of the LiFi project: what sits on the device, what an AI agent like OpenCode does differently from a chat and what to watch out for, how the laptop is set up, and, together, the first program, a kitchen timer with a coloured lamp in the terminal. Working with the computerProgramming with Python
• Folder tree and command line Demo 15 min A terminal below its folder tree: you see where you are, which way a path takes while you are still typing it, and what every command changes in the tree, in PowerShell and on a Mac. Working with the computer
• Input, processing, output: The IPO model Exercise 20 min You test boxes without looking inside them: a test that only fails when it should, a colour rule that fails on a single reading, your own test cases, and a chain of encode() and decode() whose agreement does not match. Solving problemsProcessing information
• Lists Lesson 20 min A list keeps many values under one name, in a fixed order. You reach single values by their position, add new ones, sort them and calculate with all of them at once. Programming with Python
• Loops with for Lesson 25 min A for loop takes the elements of a list one after the other and runs the same lines for each of them. With it you convert every temperature, add up and count, build new lists and go through sequences of numbers and texts. Programming with Python
• Loops with while Lesson 20 min A while loop repeats its body as long as a condition holds, even when nobody knows beforehand how many rounds it will take. You learn how to spot and stop an endless loop and how a program keeps asking until an input fits. Programming with Python
• Measuring and experimenting Lesson Slides · Quiz 30 min Why a single reading is not yet evidence: how a claim turns into a test, what a sensor really returns, why readings scatter, what averaging and the integration time cost, and how a controlled measurement series with one changed quantity leads to a decision. Transferring information
• Navigating through folders Lesson 15 min With cd you move from folder to folder in the command line, with .. one level up and with ~ back home. After every step the prompt shows you where you are. Working with the computer
• Photo digitiser Demo 10 min A photo turns into numbers: you choose how many points and how many colours it keeps, watch the picture get coarser and pay for every point and every colour in bits. Representing informationTransferring information
• Python virtual environments Lesson 15 min A virtual environment is a folder in your project with its own Python and its own packages. This way every project only has what it installs itself, and projects do not get in each other's way. Working with the computerProgramming with Python
• Question game Demo 10 min One of sixteen faces is the secret, and you may only ask yes-or-no questions: every answer shrinks the crowd, and the game measures by how much in bits. Representing information
• Quiz: algorithms and programs Quiz 15 min Fourteen questions on what makes an algorithm, what a program adds to it, the order of instructions, loops that end or do not, and the cost of a procedure. Every answer comes with its reason. Solving problemsProcessing information
• Quiz: Analog and digital Quiz 20 min Fifteen questions on what makes something digital, why more levels bring the boundaries closer, what digitising costs and what it buys. Every answer comes with its reason. Representing informationTransferring information
• Quiz: Decisions Quiz 10 min Eight questions on truth values, comparisons, and, or and not and on decisions with if, elif and else in Python. Programming with Python
• Quiz: First programs Quiz 10 min Eight questions on values, variables, text, calculating, lists and your own functions in Python. Programming with Python
• Quiz: input, processing, output Quiz 15 min Thirteen questions on the IPO box: its three parts, the test it brings along, what a sensor really delivers, chains and levels of boxes, and the two questions every box raises. Every answer comes with its reason. Solving problemsProcessing information
• Quiz: Loops Quiz 10 min Eight questions on for and while loops, range(), accumulators, endless loops and enumerate(). Programming with Python
• Quiz: measuring and experimenting Quiz 15 min Twelve questions on what a sensor really returns, why readings scatter, what a control reading and the integration time are for, and what makes a measurement series evidence. Every answer comes with its reason. Transferring information
• Quiz: symbols and information Quiz 20 min Sixteen questions on symbols, alphabets and agreements, on the bit as a measure of information, on halving questions and on what a larger alphabet buys. Every answer comes with its reason. Representing informationTransferring information
• Quiz: The command line Quiz 8 min Seven questions on paths, the commands of the command line and starting a Python program. Working with the computer
• Slides: Algorithms and programs Slides 45 min The slides to the lesson: what makes an algorithm, what a program makes of it, the four building blocks of every program on an LED, and how to work with an AI assistant so that you understand the code. Solving problemsProgramming with Python
• Slides: Analog and digital Slides 15 min The slides to the lesson: what digital really means, why a small disturbance changes a value but not a state, and what the two cuts of sampling and quantising cost. Representing informationTransferring information
• Slides: Cutting problems Slides 20 min The slides to the lesson: how to cut a problem that is too big into pieces that can be solved and checked one at a time, and why this also shapes working with an AI. Solving problems
• Slides: First light Slides 30 min The slides to the exercise: what sits on the device, what an AI agent does differently from a chat, how the laptop is set up, and how the first program comes about together. Working with the computerProgramming with Python
• Slides: Measuring and experimenting Slides 25 min The slides to the lesson: why a single reading is not yet evidence, what a sensor really returns, why readings scatter, and how a controlled measurement series leads to a decision. Transferring information
• Slides: Solving problems with computers Slides 25 min The slides to the lesson: the shape a piece of a problem needs for a computer to solve it, with input, processing and output and clear edges that bring their own test. Solving problemsProcessing information
• Slides: Symbols and information Slides 20 min The slides to the lesson: how distinguishable states become symbols through an agreement, how halving questions count information in bits, and what a bigger alphabet gains and costs. Representing informationTransferring information
• Solving problems with computers Lesson Slides · Exercise · Quiz 30 min The shape a piece of a problem needs for a computer to solve it: input, processing and output, with clear edges that bring their own test, shown on the light link from sender to receiver and at every level from a system down to a logic gate. Solving problemsProcessing information
• Starting a Python program in the command line Lesson 20 min A Python program is a text file with the extension .py. You write it with an editor, change into its folder in the command line and start it with python or, on the Mac, with python3. Working with the computerProgramming with Python
• Symbols and information Lesson Slides · Demo · Quiz 25 min How distinguishable states become symbols through an agreement, how halving yes-or-no questions count information in bits, and what a bigger alphabet gains in bits per symbol and costs in safety. Representing informationTransferring information
• The basic ideas of programming Lesson 15 min Before you write a line of Python: what a program is and which few building blocks come back in every programming language, explained with pictures from everyday life instead of code. Solving problemsProcessing informationProgramming with Python
• The command line Lesson 15 min In the command line you tell the computer what to do with typed commands. You open it as PowerShell on Windows and as Terminal on the Mac and learn how a command is built. Working with the computer
• Values and variables Lesson 20 min Programs work with numbers and text. To find a value again later, they give it a name, and that is exactly what a variable is. Programming with Python
• Working with text Lesson 20 min Programs ask for input, put text together and tidy it up. That takes input, f-strings, a few useful methods and turning text into numbers. Programming with Python
• Your first program Lesson 15 min A program is a text of instructions that the computer carries out from top to bottom. You write your first one in Python, right here on the page, and learn to read error messages. Programming with Python
• Your own functions Lesson 25 min With def you give a piece of program a name and call it as often as you like. Parameters pass values in, return passes a result back, and a program made of small functions is easier to understand. Programming with PythonSolving problems

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